Transforming growth factor-β activation in cell-free extracellular matrix preparations. Commentary

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Biochemistry
• Immunology

Background:

• Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates crucial cellular and immunological functions.
• TGF-β is typically stored in extracellular matrices in an inactive, latent state.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential for high pH buffer treatments to inadvertently activate latent TGF-β.
• To inform researchers about a potential confounder when preparing cell-free matrices.

Main Methods:

• Commentary based on existing knowledge of TGF-β behavior and matrix preparation techniques.
• Discussion of the chemical properties of high pH buffers like ammonium hydroxide.

Main Results:

• High pH buffers, such as ammonium hydroxide, used in preparing cell-free matrices can likely activate latent TGF-β.
• This activation leads to the presence of active TGF-β in the acellular matrix.

Conclusions:

• Researchers must consider the impact of buffer choice on TGF-β activity.
• Cells seeded on matrices prepared with high pH buffers may respond to unexpectedly present active TGF-β.