Breed is associated with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation in Australian dogs

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Genetics
• Pharmacogenomics
• Canine Health

Background:

• The ABCB1 gene encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a crucial membrane pump.
• A specific mutation, ABCB1-1Δ, results in a less functional P-gp, leading to potential adverse drug reactions in dogs.
• This mutation affects the metabolism and transport of various veterinary pharmaceuticals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and detection of the ABCB1-1Δ mutation in dogs across Australia.
• To identify breeds most commonly affected by this pharmacogenetic mutation.
• To inform veterinary practices regarding potential drug sensitivities in specific canine populations.

Main Methods:

• Genotyping of 4842 dogs from 27 breeds using buccal swabs or EDTA blood.
• Utilized standard PCR, multiplex PCR, and genotyping chip technologies.
• Statistical analysis to compare mutation frequency in herding versus non-herding breeds.

Main Results:

• The ABCB1-1Δ mutation was identified in nine distinct dog breeds.
• Collies, Australian shepherds, white Swiss shepherds, and Shetland sheepdogs showed the highest prevalence.
• One cocker spaniel and one labradoodle were found to be heterozygous for the mutation.

Conclusions:

• Collies, Australian shepherds, white Swiss shepherds, and Shetland sheepdogs are the most frequently impacted breeds by the ABCB1-1Δ mutation.
• This mutation is linked to a higher incidence of adverse reactions to common veterinary drugs.
• Veterinarians should be aware of at-risk breeds and consider genetic testing before administering certain medications.