Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

A mathematical model was developed to describe gas-liquid flow and mixing behavior in a new bottom blown oxygen copper smelting furnace, and the model validation was carried out through a water model experiment. The effects of different nozzle locations, nozzle numbers, and gas flow rates on the gas-liquid flow, gas total volume, and mixing efficiency were investigated. The results show that the gas-liquid two-phase flow and mixing time predicted by the present model agree well with the experimental data. When the nozzles are located near the center of the bath bottom, the gas total volume is larger, but the mixing efficiency is very low. With the increase of nozzle arrangement angle, the mixing time decreased. However, the excessive angle arrangement of nozzles exceeding 21° was found to be detrimental to the bubble residence time and mixing efficiency. With the increase in nozzle numbers from nine to 13, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing efficiency does not change greatly. When the number of nozzles is further increased to 18, the mixing efficiency begins to decrease significantly. As the gas flow rate increases from 4.7 m³/h to 14.1 m³/h, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing time is rapidly reduced from 314.5 s to 251.5 s. When the gas flow rate exceeds 18.8 m³/h, the gas total volume and mixing efficiency change little.