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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Structural network changes in cerebral small vessel disease.

Anil M Tuladhar1, Jonathan Tay2, Esther van Leijsen3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Anil.Tuladhar@radboudumc.nl.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|November 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural network efficiency decline is linked to cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) patients with severe white matter hyperintensities. Baseline network efficiency predicts mortality risk in SVD, highlighting its importance in research.

Keywords:
cerebral small vessel diseasecognitive declinediffusion tensor imagingmortalitystructural neuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Graph Theory

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of cognitive impairment.
  • Structural network efficiency, a measure of brain connectivity, has not been fully explored in relation to SVD progression.
  • Understanding network efficiency's role is crucial for predicting cognitive decline and mortality in SVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if longitudinal changes in structural network efficiency correlate with cognitive decline in SVD.
  • To assess if baseline network efficiency predicts mortality in individuals with SVD.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 277 non-demented SVD patients.
  • MRI and neuropsychological assessments conducted in 2011 and 2015.
  • Graph theory applied to tractography data to compute network properties; regression analyses performed.

Main Results:

  • Declined global efficiency correlated with psychomotor speed decline in severe SVD (p=0.03).
  • Baseline global efficiency predicted all-cause mortality (HR 0.43, p=0.008).
  • Associations were influenced by SVD imaging markers.

Conclusions:

  • Network efficiency disruption contributes to cognitive decline in SVD, though not independently of SVD markers.
  • Baseline network efficiency serves as a predictor of mortality in SVD.
  • Structural network analysis and its measures are valuable in SVD research.