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Subcortical surface morphometry in substance dependence: An ENIGMA addiction working group study.

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This study reveals substance-specific brain changes in individuals with substance dependence. Alcohol dependence showed widespread reductions in subcortical morphology, while nicotine dependence was linked to increases in specific brain regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Addiction Research
  • Brain Morphology

Background:

  • Previous studies show inconsistent volumetric differences in subcortical structures related to substance dependence.
  • Most research has not compared brain morphology across different substance dependencies to identify unique effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate subcortical surface morphology in individuals dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and/or cannabis.
  • To identify substance-specific and substance-general effects of dependence on brain structures.
  • To compare brain morphology across different substance dependencies using large, multinational datasets.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled data from 33 imaging sites, including 1628 controls and 2277 individuals with substance dependence.
  • Utilized FreeSurfer segmentation to define subcortical structures.
  • Extracted radial distance (RD) and log Jacobian determinant (JD) metrics to assess local thickness and surface area changes.

Main Results:

  • Widespread subcortical morphological differences were observed between dependent users and controls, primarily driven by alcohol dependence.
  • Alcohol dependence was associated with reduced RD and JD in structures like the hippocampus, thalamus, putamen, and amygdala.
  • Nicotine use was linked to increased RD and JD in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.

Conclusions:

  • Substance dependence is associated with widespread subcortical morphological alterations.
  • Alcohol and nicotine dependence exhibit distinct patterns of subcortical structural changes.
  • Findings suggest substance-specific relationships between dependence and subcortical brain structures.