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Perinatal infections and immunity.

J L Sever1

  • 1Infectious Diseases Branch, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Maternal infections during pregnancy can cause serious fetal harm, impacting development and survival. Early detection, maternal immunity, and timely interventions like vaccines and chemotherapy are crucial for preventing perinatal infections and protecting newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal infectious diseases
  • Fetal and maternal medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious agents are significant causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Maternal infections often result in asymptomatic or mild maternal illness but can lead to severe fetal disease.
  • Transplacental transmission is a common route for perinatal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of maternal infections on fetal development and survival.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis and transmission routes of perinatal infections.
  • To highlight strategies for prevention and treatment of fetal damage from perinatal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on perinatal infections.
  • Analysis of transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms.

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  • Evaluation of preventative and therapeutic interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal infection timing significantly influences fetal infection risk and disease severity.
    • Direct fetal tissue infection can disrupt morphogenesis and cause destruction.
    • Fetal immune responses, detectable from 20-22 weeks gestation, offer diagnostic and protective roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Preventing fetal damage requires maternal protection via vaccines, exposure avoidance, or immunoglobulins.
    • Chemotherapy and immunoglobulins are vital for treating infected infants.
    • Longitudinal studies are essential due to recognized late-onset effects of perinatal infections.