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Effect of proinflammatory diet before pregnancy on gestational age and birthweight: The Japan Environment and
Makiho Ishibashi1,2, Hyo Kyozuka1,2, Akiko Yamaguchi1,2
1Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan.
Insights
A proinflammatory diet before pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth (PTB) before 34 weeks and low birthweight (LBW) under 2,500 grams. Controlling this diet is crucial for improving perinatal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Dietary patterns influence systemic inflammation, a potential contributor to preterm birth (PTB).
- Understanding the impact of pre-pregnancy diet on pregnancy outcomes is essential for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a proinflammatory diet before pregnancy and gestational age and birthweight.
- To assess the risk of PTB and low birthweight (LBW) associated with a proinflammatory diet.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (n=89,329).
- Calculated the dietary inflammatory index (DII) using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire assessing 30 food parameters.
- Employed multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for maternal age, BMI, smoking, education, and income.
Main Results:
- A proinflammatory diet was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTB before 34 weeks (aOR: 1.29, 95% CI [1.07, 1.55]).
- A proinflammatory diet also increased the risk of LBW (<2,500 g) (aOR: 1.08, 95% CI [1.01, 1.16]).
Conclusions:
- A proinflammatory diet consumed before pregnancy is a risk factor for PTB (<34 weeks) and LBW (<2,500 g).
- Dietary modification to reduce inflammation is recommended for improving perinatal prognosis.
Abstract:
The daily diet plays a role in systematic inflammation and may be one of the causes of preterm birth. We aimed to examine the effect of a daily proinflammatory diet before pregnancy on gestational age and birthweight using a large birth cohort in Japan. We used data of singleton pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children's Study involving live birth from 2011 to 2014 to calculate the dietary inflammatory index. We used individual meals with 30 food parameters from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, which assessed diet intake before pregnancy. Participants were categorized according to the quartile of dietary inflammatory index. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of a proinflammatory diet on preterm birth (PTB) before 37 or 34 weeks and low birthweight (LBW) less than 2,500 or 1,500 g, accounting for maternal age, body mass index before pregnancy, smoking status, education, and household income. After applying our inclusion criteria, 89,329 participants were eligible for the present study. Multiple regression analysis showed that the proinflammatory diet had an increased risk of PTB < 34 weeks (adjusted odds ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [1.07, 1.55]) and <2,500-g LBW (adjusted odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.16]) compared with the control. In conclusion, a proinflammatory diet before pregnancy was a risk factor for PTB < 34 weeks and LBW < 2,500 g. Therefore, proinflammatory diet needs to be controlled to improve perinatal prognosis.