Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

54.3K

The effect of bilirubin on long-term mortality in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion

M Cetin, M E Durakoglugil, T Erdogan

    Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
    |November 22, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Lower direct bilirubin levels are linked to reduced survival in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). This finding highlights bilirubin as a potential predictor of mortality in this population.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) represents a significant challenge in cardiovascular disease management.
    • The role of bilirubin, a byproduct of heme metabolism, in predicting outcomes for CTO patients remains underexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between serum bilirubin levels and all-cause mortality in patients diagnosed with CTO.
    • To identify direct bilirubin as a potential independent predictor of long-term mortality in CTO patients.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 172 patients with stable angina pectoris and CTO, confirmed by coronary angiography, was studied.
    • Patient viability was assessed over a 9-year follow-up period.
    • Statistical analysis identified independent predictors of mortality, including age and direct bilirubin concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • Direct bilirubin levels were significantly lower in patients who were non-viable at follow-up.
    • Age (OR = 1.045) and direct bilirubin concentration (OR = 0.029) were identified as independent predictors of mortality.
    • A direct bilirubin level exceeding 0.2 mg/dL was associated with decreased mortality, demonstrating 85% sensitivity and 46% specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum direct bilirubin concentration is an independent predictor of total mortality in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion.
    • The findings suggest a potential prognostic role for direct bilirubin in managing CTO patients over a 9-year period.
    Abstract

    Keywords:
    bilirubinchronic total occlusion long-term mortality.

    More Related Videos

    A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion05:20

    A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

    Published on: November 12, 2020

    8.0K
    Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery09:12

    Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

    Published on: March 27, 2018

    9.9K

    Related Concept Videos

    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

    In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
    149
    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

    Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
    182
    Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

    Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

    Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
    176
    Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

    Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
    322
    Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

    Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
    277
    Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

    Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

    Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
    The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
    Troponins
    Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
    732