[Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in neonates and infants]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Neuroimaging

Background:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly utilized in pediatric populations, including infants and neonates.
• Advances in rapid sequence protocols, scanner availability, and monitoring capabilities facilitate its use.
• Adapting protocols to specific clinical needs is crucial for effective pediatric MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application and considerations of MRI in infants and neonates.
• To highlight the importance of tailored sequence protocols for different clinical indications.
• To discuss the judicious use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in this demographic.

Main Methods:

• Review of current practices and literature regarding pediatric MRI protocols.
• Emphasis on adapting imaging sequences based on clinical requirements.
• Discussion of sedation avoidance and contrast agent necessity.

Main Results:

• Ultrafast MRI protocols can achieve diagnostic imaging in minutes for specific indications like hydrocephalus monitoring.
• Many neonatal and infant MRI examinations, particularly for the brain, can be performed without sedation.
• Gadolinium-based contrast agents are often not required and their use must be carefully considered based on clinical necessity.

Conclusions:

• MRI is a valuable and increasingly accessible neuroimaging modality for infants and neonates.
• Tailored, rapid protocols enable efficient and often non-sedated examinations.
• The use of contrast agents in pediatric MRI should be critically evaluated and minimized when possible.