Tree diversity, biomass and carbon storage in sacred groves of Central India

Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C) in biomass and soil, besides providing important ecosystem services. However, the information on tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in sacred groves of Central India, Madhya Pradesh is elusive and fragmented. In the present study, 41 sacred groves were inventoried for tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in vegetation and soil. A total of 103 tree species from 81 genera belonging to 37 families were recorded. Shannon's diversity, Dominance, Fisher's alpha, and species evenness indices for trees varied: 0.77-2.53, 0.07-0.64, 1.58-20.37, and 0.28-0.90 respectively. Tree density ranged 75-675 no. of stems ha^-1 with a mean of 271 no. of stems ha^-1, while basal area ranged 6.8-47 m² ha^-1 with a mean value of 27 m² ha^-1. Tree biomass ranged 34.9-409.8 Mg ha^-1 with a mean value of 194.01 Mg ha^-1, while, tree C ranged between 17.5 and 204.9 Mg C ha^-1 with a mean value of 97.0 Mg C ha^-1. The total soil organic carbon stock (0-30 cm) ranged from 22.4 to 112.5 Mg C ha^-1 with the mean value of 62 Mg C ha^-1. Biomass C and SOC contributed 61% and 39% of the total C stocks, respectively. Tree C stock showed a significant positive relationship with tree basal area (R² = 0.968). A total of five tree species belonging to four families were found to be vulnerable in Central India. The present study reveals that the sacred groves of Central India are species rich, have higher C stocks and sequestration potential in both vegetation and soil, and calls for an immediate attention for conservation and planning for long-term C sequestration.