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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

1.5K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas

Published on: April 11, 2019

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Advancing CRISPR-Based Programmable Platforms beyond Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells.

Yasutomi Higashikuni, Timothy K Lu

    ACS Synthetic Biology
    |November 22, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    CRISPR technology enables precise genome editing and the creation of programmable cellular functions. These advancements allow for complex biological programs, leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for human diseases.

    Keywords:
    CRISPRcomputationimagingmammalian cellsmemoryscreening

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    Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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    CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery
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    Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Genomics
    • Synthetic Biology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Human diseases stem from disrupted cellular DNA programs.
    • CRISPR/Cas9 technology has transformed genome editing in mammalian cells.
    • Novel CRISPR tools offer programmable platforms for cellular modification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore CRISPR-based technologies for regulating cellular functions.
    • To develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
    • To design mammalian cells as living machines for biomedical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • CRISPR-based transcriptional regulators and modified guide RNAs (gRNAs) for precise genome regulation.
    • Genome-scale screening platforms to identify phenotype-modulating genetic elements.
    • CRISPR-based imaging for studying chromatin dynamics in living cells.
    • CRISPR-based computation and memory platforms utilizing DNA for data processing and storage.

    Main Results:

    • Multiplexed regulation and visualization of genome dynamics achieved with spatiotemporal precision.
    • Identification of key genetic elements influencing cellular phenotypes through genome-scale screening.
    • Development of platforms for studying chromatin conformation and dynamics.
    • Creation of CRISPR-based systems for cellular computation, memory, and event recording.
    • Interconnection of computation and memory platforms using base editors for logic operations.

    Conclusions:

    • CRISPR technologies enable the design of complex, multilayered biological programs.
    • CRISPR-based memory platforms can continuously record biological events.
    • These tools offer new avenues for understanding biology and engineering cells for biomedical use.