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Regulation of mTOR signaling by long non-coding RNA
1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Abstract:
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling hub that coordinates cellular and organismal responses, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling occurs in many human diseases, and there are significant ongoing efforts to pharmacologically target this pathway. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), defined by a length > 200 nucleotides and absence of a long open-reading-frame, are a class of non-protein-coding RNAs. Mutations and dysregulations of lncRNAs are directly linked to the development and progression of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurologic disorders. Recent findings reveal diverse functions for lncRNA that include transcriptional regulation, organization of nuclear domains, and regulation of proteins or RNA molecules. Despite considerable development in our understanding of lncRNA over the past decade, only a fraction of annotated lncRNAs has been examined for biological function. In addition, lncRNAs have emerged as therapeutic targets due to their ability to modulate multiple pathways, including mTOR signaling. This review will provide an up-to-date summary of lncRNAs that are involved in regulating mTOR pathway.
Insights
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a key player in cell growth and metabolism. This review summarizes lncRNAs involved in mTOR signaling, highlighting their therapeutic potential in diseases.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial for cellular functions and organismal responses.
- Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is implicated in various human diseases, driving therapeutic interest.
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding RNA molecules with diverse regulatory roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNAs that regulate the mTOR pathway.
- To highlight the emerging role of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets.
- To summarize recent findings on lncRNA involvement in mTOR signaling.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating lncRNA and mTOR pathway interactions.
- Analysis of current research on lncRNA functions, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
- Synthesis of information on lncRNA dysregulation in disease and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs exhibit diverse functions, including transcriptional regulation and modulation of protein/RNA molecules.
- Dysregulation of lncRNAs is linked to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.
- lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their ability to modulate critical signaling pathways, including mTOR.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs play significant roles in regulating the mTOR pathway.
- Further research into lncRNA function is essential, as only a fraction have been functionally characterized.
- lncRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for diseases associated with mTOR dysregulation.
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