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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Epilepsy and aging.

Robert J Kotloski1, Jessie Dowding2, Bruce P Hermann2

  • 1Department of Neurology, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy significantly impacts aging individuals, increasing seizure risk in the elderly and those with chronic epilepsy. Further research is needed to understand aging and epilepsy, improving treatments for all ages.

Keywords:
AgingBrain tumorsCognitionDementiaEpilepsyStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy presents unique challenges in the elderly population.
  • Increased seizure frequency is observed in both new-onset and chronic epilepsy cases among aging individuals.
  • Gaps exist in understanding the basic and clinical aspects of aging and epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant implications of epilepsy in the aging population.
  • To underscore the need for better understanding of the interplay between aging and epilepsy.
  • To emphasize the distinct clinical presentation and treatment considerations for elderly epilepsy patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of aging and epilepsy.
  • Exploration of the relationship between epilepsy and other age-related brain diseases (stroke, dementia, TBI, cancer).
  • Discussion of clinical differences in epilepsy presentation and treatment in the elderly.

Main Results:

  • Elderly individuals face a higher risk of new-onset epilepsy.
  • Aging individuals with chronic epilepsy experience increased seizures.
  • The relationship between epilepsy and other age-related brain conditions is complex and not fully understood.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary approaches are crucial for advancing the understanding of aging and epilepsy.
  • Further research is expected to elucidate the intricacies of epilepsy in the elderly.
  • Improved understanding of aging and epilepsy will benefit all age groups.