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Staging of Anal Cancer: Role of MR Imaging
Monique Maas1, Jeroen A W Tielbeek2, Jaap Stoker2
1Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203, Amsterdam 1006BE, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Anal cancer is a relatively rare malignancy. Treatment consists of chemoradiation and most patients achieve a complete response. Local evaluation of the T and N stage is performed by MR imaging. Whole-body staging with 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography scans or computed tomography scans is used to detect metastases. T stage is based on tumor size or invasion of organs. N stage is based on nodal location. After chemoradiation, clinical evaluation and MR imaging is used to assess tumor and nodal response. Maximal response is achieved 6 months after chemoradiation. Beware of development of anal cancer in perianal fistulas.
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