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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Healthcare Agencies II

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Intranuclear Microinjection of DNA into Dissociated Adult Mammalian Neurons
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Substance use prevention research funded by the NIH.

Jennifer Villani1, Luis Ganoza1, Belinda E Sims2

  • 1Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, United States.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|November 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded substance use prevention research from 2012-2017, primarily focusing on epidemiologic studies of alcohol and nicotine. Funding for marijuana prevention research significantly increased during this period.

Keywords:
AlcoholMarijuanaNational Institutes of HealthNicotinePreventionSubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Substance Use Research
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Substance use is a major preventable cause of death in the U.S.
  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds research to understand and prevent substance use disorders.
  • Improving public health through novel prevention strategies is a key NIH objective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the landscape of substance use prevention research funded by the NIH.
  • To analyze trends and focus areas within NIH-funded prevention research.
  • To identify research gaps and opportunities in substance use prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dataset of NIH-funded grants awarded between 2012 and 2017.
  • Coded grants based on substances studied and prevention research types.
  • Employed descriptive statistics and trend analysis on weighted data.

Main Results:

  • Substance use prevention grants represented approximately 2.4% of all NIH awards (2012-2017).
  • Epidemiologic research was the predominant study type; alcohol and nicotine were the most studied substances.
  • Significant funding increases were observed for marijuana prevention research, with specific demographic focuses for alcohol and nicotine.

Conclusions:

  • Despite being a leading cause of mortality, substance use prevention research received a small fraction of NIH funding.
  • NIH-funded research demonstrated diversity in substances and prevention approaches.
  • Further research is warranted to address substance use prevention comprehensively.