Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Immunology
• Radiology

Background:

• Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) encompasses inflammatory disorders linked to infections post-antiretroviral therapy (ART).
• IRIS presents as unmasking or paradoxical reactions.
• Sub-Saharan Africa shows a low prevalence of IRIS in children, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis implicated in about half of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and radiological manifestations of IRIS in children.
• To provide illustrative radiological examples for better understanding.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on clinical and radiological aspects of pediatric IRIS.
• Analysis of case studies and imaging findings.

Main Results:

• IRIS diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping radiological features with tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections.
• Radiological findings necessitate correlation with clinical and laboratory data for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Radiological interpretation is crucial but must be combined with clinical and laboratory findings for diagnosing IRIS in children.
• Understanding IRIS manifestations aids in differentiating it from other infections in pediatric populations undergoing ART.