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Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes.

Sandrine Levet1, B Charvet2, A Bertin3

  • 1GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France. sl@geneuro.com.

Current Diabetes Reports
|November 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are implicated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. HERV-W envelope protein shows toxicity to pancreatic cells, suggesting HERVs as potential therapeutic targets for T1D.

Keywords:
Coxsackievirus B4Endogenous retrovirusEnterovirusHERVType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The precise causes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear, despite suspected environmental triggers.
  • Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), typically dormant genetic sequences, are increasingly studied for their role in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence linking human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) to the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on HERVs and T1D.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HERV-W envelope protein (HERV-W-Env) in T1D pancreatic tissues.

Main Results:

  • HERV-W-Env detected in T1D pancreata exhibits pro-inflammatory effects and beta-cell toxicity.
  • Environmental viruses may activate dormant HERV genes, potentially explaining T1D genetic susceptibility.
  • Activated HERVs possess pathogenic properties, indicating their role in T1D pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • HERVs represent a potential link between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in T1D.
  • HERV elements are emerging as significant contributors to T1D etiology.
  • Targeting HERVs offers a promising avenue for novel T1D therapies.