Does craniofacial morphology affect third molars impaction? Results from a population-based study in northeastern...

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Third molar impaction is a common dental issue with unclear etiology.
• Craniofacial morphology and facial parameters are suspected predictors of third molar impaction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between craniofacial morphology and the status of erupted or impacted third molars.
• To identify specific facial parameters that may predict third molar impaction in a German population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study analyzed 2,484 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania.
• Whole-body MRI assessed third molar status, with facial morphology measured in 619 individuals.
• Multinomial logistic regression models were used to associate craniofacial measurements with impacted/erupted third molars, adjusted for age and sex.

Main Results:

• Increased maximal cranial width (Eurion-Eurion distance) was significantly associated with impacted third molars in both the mandible and maxilla.
• Lower total anterior facial height (Nasion-Menton distance) and a lower facial index increased the risk of mandibular third molar impaction.
• No significant associations were found between third molar status and facial width or sagittal cranial dimensions.

Conclusions:

• Craniofacial morphology, specifically maximal cranial width, total anterior facial height, and facial index, are significant predictors of third molar impaction.
• These findings can assist dental professionals in decision-making regarding third molar removal and treatment planning.
• Further analysis of maximal cranial width is recommended for predicting third molar impaction.