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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
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Compounds targeting YadC of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its host receptor annexin A2 decrease bacterial

Xiao Li1, Geng Pei1, Lisong Zhang2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.

Ebiomedicine
|November 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies YadC and Annexin A2 (ANXA2) as key players in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) urinary tract infections. Targeting YadC or ANXA2 offers promising new therapeutic strategies for UTIs.

Keywords:
Annexin A2Uropathogenic Escherichia coliYadC

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  • Fimbrial tip adhesins are crucial for UPEC colonization, but few have been identified as therapeutic targets.
  • Understanding UPEC adhesin-receptor interactions is vital for developing new UTI treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of YadC in UPEC adhesion, invasion, and colonization of the urinary tract.
  • To identify the host cell receptor for YadC.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting YadC and its receptor for UTI treatment.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo assays using UPEC wild-type and mutant strains.
  • Evaluation of D-xylose's effect on UPEC colonization.
  • Identification of the YadC receptor using biochemical and immunological techniques (far-western blotting, LC-MS/MS, co-immunoprecipitation).
  • Testing compounds targeting the identified receptor for anti-UPEC activity.

Main Results:

  • YadC mediates UPEC adhesion and invasion in vitro and promotes colonization in vivo.
  • D-xylose demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic effects against UPEC colonization.
  • Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was identified as the YadC receptor involved in UPEC infection.
  • ANXA2 inhibitors significantly reduced UPEC infections.
  • The yadC gene is prevalent in clinical UPEC isolates.

Conclusions:

  • YadC and its receptor ANXA2 are critical for UPEC bladder colonization.
  • Targeting YadC or ANXA2 presents a novel therapeutic strategy for acute UTIs.
  • Further research into YadC-ANXA2 interactions could lead to more effective UTI treatments.