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Continuous-variable tomography of solitary electrons.

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A new method enables wide-band quantum tomography for single electrons, advancing quantum information technologies. This technique characterizes electron wave-functions, crucial for developing quantum devices with single electronic excitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Characterizing freely-propagating particle wave-functions is key for quantum information technologies.
  • Existing continuous-variable quantum tomography is limited to energies near the Fermi level.
  • Developing methods for analyzing single electronic excitations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate wide-band tomography of single-particle distributions for solitary electrons.
  • To reconstruct the Wigner representation of the mixed-state density matrix for emitted electrons.
  • To quantify the quantumness of an on-demand single-electron source.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing energy-time filtering for wide-band tomography.
  • Employing an on-demand single-electron source.
  • Reconstructing the Wigner representation of the mixed-state density matrix.

Main Results:

  • Achieved wide-band tomography of single-particle distributions for solitary electrons.
  • Reconstructed the Wigner representation, revealing chirp and squeezing.
  • Quantified the quantumness of the electron source, despite limitations from classical fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed tomography scheme allows for characterization of electron wave-functions beyond the Fermi level.
  • This method provides insights into electron coherence and entanglement at the single-particle level.
  • Future implementation with higher experimental resolution will enable quantum-limited measurements.