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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

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Current and Future Directions of Stem Cell Therapy for Bladder Dysfunction.

Jung Hyun Shin1, Chae-Min Ryu1,2, Hwan Yeul Yu1,2

  • 1Deparatment of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|November 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy shows promise for chronic bladder dysfunction, but clinical application is limited. Further research is needed to overcome challenges in stem cell function, engraftment, and understanding therapeutic mechanisms for successful treatment.

Keywords:
Bladder dysfunctionDetrusor underactivityInterstitial cystitisOveractive bladderStem cell therapyStress urinary incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Urology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities crucial for tissue regeneration.
  • Bladder dysfunction is a chronic condition with limited treatment options, often focusing on symptom management rather than underlying pathophysiology.
  • Current treatments for bladder dysfunction lack regenerative approaches, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of stem cell research in treating various forms of bladder dysfunction.
  • To identify challenges hindering the clinical application of stem cell therapy for bladder disorders.
  • To suggest future research directions for advancing stem cell-based treatments for bladder dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical models and limited clinical trials investigating stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction.
  • Analysis of factors affecting stem cell efficacy, including ex vivo expansion, in vivo engraftment, and survival.
  • Examination of the current understanding of stem cell mechanisms of action in target organs.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of stem cell therapy for conditions like stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor underactivity, and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
  • Clinical application remains limited, with only a few pilot studies and trials conducted.
  • Key limitations include stem cell functional decline, poor engraftment/survival, and incomplete understanding of therapeutic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy holds significant promise for treating chronic bladder dysfunction, offering a regenerative approach beyond symptom alleviation.
  • Overcoming challenges related to stem cell viability, engraftment, and mechanistic understanding is critical for clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing stem cell behavior, comparing efficacy with existing treatments, and conducting robust clinical trials to facilitate widespread adoption.