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Hybrid 3D analytical linear energy transfer calculation algorithm based on precalculated data from Monte Carlo

Wei Deng1, Xiaoning Ding1, James E Younkin1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.

Medical Physics
|November 24, 2019
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Summary

A new hybrid 3D analytical method improves dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) calculations for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). This fast method enhances accuracy compared to 1D models, offering a significant advancement for proton therapy treatment planning.

Keywords:
analytical calculationlinear energy transferproton therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate calculation of dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) is crucial for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT).
  • Existing 1D analytical models for LETd calculation in IMPT show deviations from accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.
  • Time-consuming MC simulations limit their routine clinical application for LETd calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast, hybrid 3D analytical method for calculating LETd in IMPT.
  • To improve the accuracy of LETd calculations compared to traditional 1D analytical models.
  • To provide a computationally efficient alternative to MC simulations for clinical IMPT planning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Geant4 MC code to generate 3D LETd distributions for monoenergetic proton beams in water.
  • Developed a customized error function to fit LETd lateral profiles at various depths to MC simulation data.
  • Implemented a lookup table of fitted coefficients as the 3D LETd calculation kernel, enabling direct LETd determination during analytical dose calculations.
  • Validated the hybrid 3D method against MC results using 3D Gamma index analysis (3%/2 mm criteria) across 12 patient geometries.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid 3D method significantly improved the Gamma index passing rate from 94.0% ± 2.5% to 98.0% ± 1.0% (P = 0.0003) compared to MC simulations.
  • The calculation time for simultaneous dose and LETd using the hybrid 3D method was approximately 2.5 minutes on a standard workstation.
  • This represents a substantial accuracy improvement over the 1D analytical model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hybrid 3D analytical method offers significantly improved LETd calculation accuracy for IMPT.
  • The method maintains a computationally efficient workflow, outperforming even fast GPU-based MC codes in terms of speed.
  • This advancement holds promise for enhancing the precision and efficiency of proton therapy treatment planning.