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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Exocytosis00:50

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Isolation And Dendritic Cell-Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus
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Isolation And Dendritic Cell-Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus

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Dendritic cell extracellular vesicles.

Joanna Kowal1, Mercedes Tkach2

  • 1Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|November 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that regulate adaptive immunity. These EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, contain immunomodulatory molecules and show therapeutic potential for diseases.

Keywords:
AntigenDendritic cellsExosomesExtracellular vesiclesMicrovesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of adaptive immunity.
  • Cell-to-cell communication via secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) adds complexity to immune regulation.
  • DCs release distinct types of EVs (exosomes, microvesicles) with unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the different types of EVs released by DCs.
  • To discuss the composition and biogenesis of DC-derived EVs.
  • To explore the immune-regulatory functions and therapeutic potential of DC-EVs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on DC-EVs.
  • Analysis of EV biogenesis pathways (exosomes vs. microvesicles).
  • Examination of EV content (e.g., MHC molecules) and function.

Main Results:

  • DCs secrete diverse EVs with varying compositions and origins.
  • EVs mediate immune responses through molecular transfer and cell signaling.
  • DC-derived EVs, particularly those carrying antigens, have been explored in cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • DC-derived EVs represent a significant mechanism for immune regulation.
  • Understanding EV biogenesis and content is crucial for harnessing their therapeutic potential.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the clinical application of DC-EVs.