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Nephrons01:10

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Amphibian Renal Disease.

Christine Parker-Graham1, Leigh A Clayton2, Lisa M Mangus3

  • 1US Fish and Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503, USA.

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|November 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing kidney disease in amphibians is difficult due to species variations. This review covers amphibian renal anatomy, physiology, and disease management strategies for better pet care.

Keywords:
AmphibianInfectious diseaseKidneyNeoplasiaPathologyPhysiologyRenalTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • Amphibians exhibit diverse lifestyles, impacting their renal systems.
  • Variations in waste production and plasma composition complicate amphibian kidney disease diagnosis.
  • Current treatments are often empirical, focusing on infection, fluid balance, and husbandry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review amphibian renal anatomy and physiology.
  • To provide diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for amphibian renal disease.
  • To discuss common etiologies of renal disease in amphibians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of amphibian renal anatomy and physiology.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches for amphibian kidney conditions.
  • Synthesis of therapeutic strategies for renal ailments in amphibians.

Main Results:

  • Amphibian renal anatomy and physiology show conserved and divergent features.
  • Definitive antemortem diagnosis of renal disease is challenging.
  • Empirical treatments often involve managing infections, fluid overload, and husbandry.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding amphibian renal specifics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • A comprehensive approach combining diagnostics, therapeutics, and husbandry is recommended.
  • Further research into amphibian renal pathologies can improve clinical outcomes.