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Text Message Interventions for Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diana M Smith1, Laura Duque2, Jeff C Huffman2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Text message interventions significantly increase daily steps, promoting physical activity. Further research is needed to optimize these interventions for better health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Behavior
  • Digital Health Interventions

Background:

  • Many individuals do not meet recommended physical activity levels, despite known health benefits.
  • Text message interventions offer a promising, low-cost approach to promote physical activity due to widespread mobile phone use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of text message interventions on physical activity levels.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted up to December 2017.
  • Included studies investigated one-way text message interventions for physical activity promotion.
  • Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on a subset of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with objective physical activity outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The review included 59 studies (n=8,742).
  • Meta-analyses of 13 studies (n=1,346) showed text message interventions significantly increased objectively measured postintervention steps/day (Cohen's d=0.38).
  • A similar, but not statistically significant, effect was observed for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Text message interventions effectively increase objectively measured physical activity compared to control groups.
  • Interventions with more components, tailored content, and those targeting medical populations showed larger effect sizes.
  • Additional well-controlled studies are required to further elucidate effective characteristics of these interventions.