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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model
Published on: November 28, 2017
The immunostimulator Victrio activates chicken toll-like receptor 21
1Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
Abstract:
The immunostimulator Victrio consists of bacterial plasmid DNA encased in cationic liposomes and protects embryonated chicken eggs and newly hatched chickens against Escherichia coli induced mortality. It is demonstrated that Victrio specifically and potently activates recombinant chicken toll-like receptor 21 (TLR21) in a nuclear factor kappa B reporter gene assay. This TLR21 stimulatory activity is dependent on the presence of nonmethylated CpG and requires liposomal formulation of the DNA, as naked plasmid DNA proves to be inactive. Nitric oxide production is induced by Victrio in HD11 chicken macrophages that express TLR21 naturally, supporting the proposal that chicken TLR21 is a component of the molecular mode of action of Victrio.
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