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Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Observations on the Tear Trough.

Sathyadeepak Ramesh¹, Robert Alan Goldberg², Allan Edward Wulc^3,4

¹Wills Eye Hospital, Division of Oculoplastics, Philadelphia, PA.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal

|November 25, 2019

Summary

The tear trough

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Aesthetic Medicine
Facial Anatomy

Background:

The tear trough is a key facial feature.
Numerous surgical and non-surgical methods aim to improve its appearance.

Purpose of the Study:

Define an aesthetically pleasing tear trough.
Analyze the impact of various surgical procedures on tear trough aesthetics.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of "ideal" subjects and patients undergoing lower blepharoplasty.
Evaluated fat excision, fat transposition, laser resurfacing, and midface lifting.
Measured marginal reflex distance-2, lower eyelid length, and nasojugal fold depth.

Main Results:

Nasojugal fold less prominent in ideal female models.
Lower eyelid length reduced after blepharoplasty with fat excision, laser, or midface lift.
Fat transposition preserved lower eyelid length and significantly effaced the nasojugal fold.

Conclusions:

A subtle medial tear trough is common in younger individuals.
The clinical tear trough is a distinct topographic feature.
Various techniques can alter the tear trough's appearance.