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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements01:21

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

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A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Coulometry is one of the rapid, most accurate, and precise analytical techniques that determine the quantity of an analyte by measuring the electrical charge needed for its complete electrolysis without using any analytical standards. The total charge passed during electrolysis correlates with the analyte amount by Faraday's laws of electrolysis. For accurate coulometric measurements, a charge equal to Faraday's constant multiplied by the number of electrons involved in the relevant...
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Coupling between electrokinetics and electrode kinetics by bipolar faradaic depolarisation processes in microfluidic

Jérôme F L Duval1, Herman P van Leeuwen2

  • 1CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 CNRS, 15 avenue du Charmois, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar electron transfer significantly impacts electrokinetic measurements by causing short-circuiting effects. High electron transfer rates reduce measured electrokinetic quantities, affecting their relationship with applied pressure gradients.

Keywords:
Bipolar electrochemistryElectrode kineticsElectrokineticsMicrofluidicsStreaming potential

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electrokinetic phenomena are crucial for understanding interfacial processes.
  • Bipolar electrochemistry offers unique insights into interfacial electron transfer.
  • Measuring electrokinetic parameters is often complicated by substrate conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of bipolar faradaic electron transfer on electrokinetic measurements.
  • To investigate the short-circuiting effect of conductive substrates on electrokinetic quantities.
  • To explore the relationship between electron transfer kinetics and measured electrokinetic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of steady-state electric current through electrodic substrate layers.
  • Evaluation of electron transfer rate constants versus diffusive transport rates.
  • Experimental approaches to study the coupling between bipolar electrode kinetics and electrokinetics.

Main Results:

  • High electron transfer rate constants lead to high electrochemical reversibility and significant bipolar leaking currents.
  • Increased electron transfer rates cause substantial reductions in measured electrokinetic quantities, like streaming potentials.
  • Electrokinetic quantities become non-linearly dependent on applied pressure gradients due to electron transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar faradaic electron transfer processes have a notable impact on electrokinetic measurements.
  • Understanding this coupling is vital for accurate electrokinetic analysis and various electroanalytical applications.
  • Bipolar electrochemistry principles are important for microfluidic control, surface functionalization, and analyte detection.