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The New Statistics for Better Science: Ask How Much, How Uncertain, and What Else is Known.
Robert J Calin-Jageman1, Geoff Cumming2
1Dominican University, 7900 West Division, River Forest, IL 60305 (rcalinjageman@dom.edu).
The American Statistician
|November 26, 2019
Summary
The New Statistics, emphasizing effect sizes and Open Science, improves research by reducing over-confidence in small samples and confirmation bias. This leads to more cautious scientific judgments and better research practices.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Statistics
- Open Science
Background:
- Traditional statistical methods can lead to over-confidence and confirmation bias.
- Poor statistical practices are prevalent in many research areas, including the study of oxytocin and trust.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present three ways the New Statistics can improve scientific practice.
- To illustrate these improvements using the literature on oxytocin and human trust.
Main Methods:
- Focusing on effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis.
- Highlighting the importance of Open Science practices.
- Analyzing the oxytocin and human trust literature as a case study.
Main Results:
- The New Statistics reduces over-confidence associated with small sample sizes.
- It helps mitigate confirmation bias in research interpretation.
- It encourages more cautious and nuanced judgments of consistency in findings.
Conclusions:
- Adopting New Statistics principles enhances the rigor and reliability of scientific research.
- This approach addresses endemic problems caused by inadequate statistical practices.
- Improved statistical methods, like those in the New Statistics, are crucial for advancing fields such as psychology.
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