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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

Chemical Synapses

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

Chemical Synapses

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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[Hypothyroidism and myasthenia: a case study].

Houda Salhi¹, Farida Ajdi²

¹Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU Hassan II, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc.

The Pan African Medical Journal

|November 26, 2019

Summary

This case study highlights a patient with hypothyroidism who developed myasthenia gravis. The findings suggest a potential link between these autoimmune conditions, even in hypothyroidism, with successful treatment of myasthenia.

Keywords:

Hashimoto Myasthenia hypothyroidism thyroiditis

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Neurology
Endocrinology

Background:

Autoimmune disorders like myasthenia gravis (MG) are often associated with thyroid diseases.
While hyperthyroidism is more commonly linked to MG, the relationship with hypothyroidism is less understood.
An immunological cross-reaction between neuromuscular junctions and thyroid components has been observed in some MG and Graves' disease patients.

Observation:

A 53-year-old patient with hypothyroidism, suspected Hashimoto's disease, was undergoing stable replacement therapy.
During follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis.
The patient's myasthenia gravis showed a positive response to neostigmine treatment.

Findings:

This case demonstrates that myasthenia gravis can develop in patients with hypothyroidism, even when the thyroid condition is well-managed.
It suggests a potential, though less common, autoimmune link between hypothyroidism and myasthenia gravis.

Implications:

Further research is needed to elucidate the immunological mechanisms connecting hypothyroidism and myasthenia gravis.
This case broadens the understanding of potential co-occurrences of autoimmune diseases.
It underscores the importance of considering neurological symptoms in patients with autoimmune thyroid conditions.