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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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SO2 Emission Estimates Using OMI SO2 Retrievals for 2005-2017.

Zhen Qu1, Daven K Henze1, Can Li2,3

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Summary

This study compares Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO2 retrieval products to estimate emission trends. Findings reveal regional differences and trends in sulfur dioxide emissions, improving accuracy with specific viewing conditions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 column densities are crucial for tracking emission trends and identifying emission sources.
  • Discrepancies exist among different OMI SO2 retrieval products, necessitating comparative analysis for reliable emission estimates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare three OMI SO2 retrieval products (NASA SP, NASA prototype, BIRA) for SO2 emission estimation.
  • To derive and analyze monthly SO2 emissions using a hybrid inversion method.
  • To assess the accuracy and consistency of derived emissions against in situ measurements and existing emission inventories.

Main Methods:

  • Employed three OMI SO2 retrieval products: NASA standard (SP), NASA prototype, and BIRA.
  • Applied a hybrid 4D-Var/mass balance emission inversion to derive monthly SO2 emissions from NASA SP and BIRA products.
  • Compared derived SO2 emissions with HTAPv2 emissions and evaluated posterior GEOS-Chem surface SO2 concentrations against in situ measurements.

Main Results:

  • SO2 retrieval consistency is highest under small viewing and solar zenith angles, favoring summer and low-latitude estimates.
  • Posterior emission estimates are lower than HTAPv2 in the US, India, and SE China, with differing trends in North China Plain.
  • India shows a significant SO2 emission increase (35-48%) from 2005-2016, while China shows a decrease (23-33%) since 2008.
  • Posterior GEOS-Chem concentrations reduced model bias in China, US, and India, with BIRA showing better agreement with annual growth rates and spatial variability, and NASA SP with seasonality.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the capability of OMI observations to recover SO2 emissions, highlighting the importance of retrieval product selection and viewing conditions.
  • Regional emission trends vary significantly, with India experiencing growth and China a decline in SO2 emissions.
  • Both NASA SP and BIRA products provide valuable insights, with BIRA offering better consistency with certain ground-based measurements and NASA SP with seasonality.