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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

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Published on: October 25, 2024

Primary Spheno-Petro-Clival Tuberculosis.

Hitesh Verma¹, Smriti Panda¹, Kapil Sikka¹

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 4065, ENT Office, 4th Floor, Teaching Block, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India

|November 26, 2019

Summary

Tuberculosis affecting the skull base is re-emerging, particularly with immunosuppression and resistant strains. Early detection through advanced imaging and testing is crucial for diagnosing these rare spheno-petro-clival lesions.

Keywords:

Infection Paranasal sinuses Skull base Spheno-petro-clival region Tuberculosis

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Oncology

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) incidence declined with therapy but is resurging due to immunosuppression and resistant strains.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis detection is improving with advanced imaging and diagnostic methods.
Skull base tuberculosis is a rare entity, often presenting late with non-specific symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To document the clinical and radiological features of primary spheno-petro-clival tuberculosis.
To highlight the importance of considering tuberculosis in skull base lesions.

Main Methods:

A case series of seven patients with primary spheno-petro-clival lesions.
Intraoperative tissue samples analyzed via histopathology and microbiology.
Clinical and radiological presentations were detailed.

Main Results:

Headache and nasal discharge were the most common symptoms.
Histopathology and post-operative cultures confirmed spheno-petro-clival tuberculosis in all seven cases.
Two cases presented with retropharyngeal abscess originating from skull base bone focus.

Conclusions:

Skull base tuberculosis should be considered in differential diagnoses for skull base lesions, with increasing detection rates due to technological advancements.
The skull base can be a primary focus for tuberculous infections, necessitating thorough investigation.