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Animal-assisted therapy for dementia.

Nai Ming Lai1, Sharon Mei Wern Chang1, Siok Shen Ng2,3

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Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) may slightly reduce depressive symptoms in dementia patients, but evidence for other benefits is limited and of low certainty. Further research is needed to determine the overall effectiveness and safety of AAT for dementia care.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Animal-Assisted Interventions

Background:

  • Dementia is a progressive condition impacting cognitive functions, social behavior, and daily activities.
  • Current treatments for dementia are largely symptomatic, with no clear disease-modifying therapies available.
  • Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is an emerging intervention strategy for individuals with dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for individuals diagnosed with dementia.
  • To assess the safety profile of AAT in the dementia population.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on AAT for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of major databases and trial registries (e.g., ALOIS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) up to September 2019.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, and cross-over trials comparing AAT with no AAT, robotic animals, or toys.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment by two independent reviewers; results expressed using MD, SMD, and RR with 95% CIs.

Main Results:

  • Nine RCTs involving 305 participants were included; studies primarily used dogs or horses.
  • Low-certainty evidence suggests AAT may slightly reduce depressive symptoms (MD -2.87, 95% CI -5.24 to -0.50).
  • No clear differences were found for quality of life, social functioning, problematic behavior, or activities of daily living; evidence certainty ranged from very low to moderate.

Conclusions:

  • AAT shows potential for reducing depressive symptoms in dementia patients, but evidence is of low certainty.
  • Insufficient evidence exists regarding AAT's impact on other key outcomes and its safety profile.
  • Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to establish the benefits and risks of AAT for dementia, focusing on blinding outcome assessors and including patient-important outcomes.