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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Anomalous Spin Diffusion in One-Dimensional Antiferromagnets.

Jacopo De Nardis1, Marko Medenjak2, Christoph Karrasch3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.

Physical Review Letters
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals surprising superdiffusive spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin chains, showing anomalous spin transport persists even at high temperatures. This challenges previous understandings of low-temperature spin behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Magnetism
  • Spin Dynamics

Background:

  • Characterizing low-temperature spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin chains is a persistent challenge.
  • The quantum nonlinear sigma model governs the low-energy effective field theory of isotropic antiferromagnetic chains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate low-temperature spin dynamics in isotropic antiferromagnetic spin chains.
  • To obtain exact expressions for spin diffusion and NMR relaxation rates.
  • To compare findings with existing theoretical results.

Main Methods:

  • Exact nonperturbative theoretical approach.
  • Analysis of low-temperature behavior near nonmagnetized states.
  • Numerical time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations.

Main Results:

  • Identified a crossover to a strongly interacting quantum regime in SU(2)-invariant spin chains.
  • Found zero spin Drude weight and diverging spin conductivity, indicating superdiffusive spin dynamics.
  • Observed anomalous spin transport persisting at high temperatures, independent of spectral gap and integrability.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals superdiffusive spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin chains.
  • Anomalous spin transport is robust and present across a wide temperature range.
  • Findings suggest the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class for spin fluctuations.