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Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Children and Its Relation to Pulmonary Function Tests: A Case-control Study

Doaa El Amrousy1, Samir Hassan1, Heba El Ashry2

  • 1From the Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|November 26, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) show subclinical pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities. Regular PFT monitoring is recommended for pediatric patients diagnosed with CHB.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant global health concern in children.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of CHB on pediatric organ systems is crucial.
  • Pulmonary function in children with CHB has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in children with newly diagnosed CHB over three years.
  • To compare PFTs in CHB patients with a healthy control group.

Main Methods:

  • An observational case-control study involving 100 children with newly diagnosed CHB and 50 healthy controls.
  • CHB patients were divided into inactive carriers and immunotolerant phases.
  • Comprehensive PFTs including FEV1, FVC, TLC, and DLCO were assessed annually for three years.

Main Results:

  • A significant progressive decrease in FEV1, FVC, total lung capacity, and DLCO was observed in CHB patients compared to baseline and controls.
  • FEV1/FVC ratio and residual volume showed no significant changes.
  • These findings indicate subclinical pulmonary impairment in pediatric CHB patients.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical pulmonary function abnormalities are more prevalent in children with CHB than previously recognized.
  • Routine PFT monitoring is recommended for pediatric patients diagnosed with CHB.
  • Early detection of pulmonary changes may allow for timely intervention.
Abstract

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