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Related Concept Videos

Role of Proteins in the Human Body01:28

Role of Proteins in the Human Body

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Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They...
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Composition of Blood Plasma01:24

Composition of Blood Plasma

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Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
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Globular Proteins01:27

Globular Proteins

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In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...
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Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

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Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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What are Proteins?01:55

What are Proteins?

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Overview
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Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

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Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
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Related Experiment Videos

[Proteins in human tears (author's transl)].

S Liotet

    La Nouvelle Presse Medicale
    |December 3, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lacrimal proteins, primarily synthesized by the lacrimal gland, can be analyzed using electrophoresis. This method helps identify tear protein profiles, aiding in diagnosing dry eye syndromes and inflammatory conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology and Biochemistry
    • Analysis of tear fluid composition and protein electrophoresis.

    Context:

    • Lacrimal proteins, predominantly synthesized by the lacrimal gland, exhibit normal concentration ranges between 2.5 and 6 g/litre.
    • Electrophoresis reveals distinct protein fractions in normal tears, including prealbumins, a less characterized group, lactotransferrin, and lysozyme.

    Purpose:

    • To detail the normal electrophoretic profile of lacrimal proteins.
    • To establish reference ranges for key tear proteins like albumin, transferrin, IgA, and IgG.
    • To highlight the diagnostic utility of tear protein analysis in ocular pathology.

    Summary:

    • Normal tear fluid contains specific electrophoretic fractions: anode-migrating prealbumins (30%), a minor group (4-12%), lactotransferrin (40-50%), and cathode-migrating lysozyme (25-35%).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantifiable tear protein levels include albumin (<200 mg/l), transferrin (<20 mg/l), IgA (100-200 mg/l), and IgG (<10 mg/l), with bacteriolytic activity comparable to 4-6 g/l lysozyme.
  • Electrophoresis and protein profiling are valuable in identifying fluids from palpebral cysts and studying dry eye syndromes.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a baseline for understanding normal tear composition, crucial for diagnosing various ocular conditions.
    • Demonstrates the clinical relevance of tear protein electrophoresis in ophthalmology, particularly for dry syndromes and inflammatory tear conditions.
    • Establishes a foundation for further research into tear proteomics and its application in diagnosing and managing eye diseases.