PROPAGATION OF SCALE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS FROM RECRUITS TO ADULTS IN BARNACLES AND SEAWEEDS

The interplay between local and large spatial scale processes in open systems is often dependent upon ecological context and species specific factors such as longevity, dispersal capability, or vulnerability to predation. When disturbance clears patches in open systems, the successful reestablishment of adult colonizers and the trajectory of succession may depend upon both the scale of the disturbance event and scale of life history characteristics. Here we examine the links between the size of a disturbance event and long term patterns of variation in recruitment, density, and percent cover in a relatively short-lived but long-range disperser, the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides, and a relatively long lived and short range disperser, the fucoid alga Fucus vesiculosus. Further, a model of linked scale-dependent processes is developed and we explore how long term patterns of scale-dependent recruitment are related to successful establishment of adults. Recruitment, densities, and cover were monitored for five years for both species in a single experiment using clearings of different sizes spread over two north-facing and two south-facing bays on Swan's Island, Maine, USA. Barnacle recruitment was particularly variable in small clearings and was lower overall at more interior sites within bays. While local-scale factors also strongly influenced patterns of variation in fucoid recruitment, fucoids dominate surface cover in large clearings and in south-facing bays. Recruitment was a poor predictor of density, whereas density itself was a good predictor of percent cover for both species. These results indicate that scale dependencies, location-specific factors, and life history traits contribute to patterns of community development on rocky shores and may ultimately determine whether an open patch converges to or diverges from its initial community state.