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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Modeling Brain Disorders Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Krishna C Vadodaria1, Jeffrey R Jones1, Sara Linker1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|November 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a revolutionary approach to studying complex brain disorders. These patient-derived cells enable the creation of in vitro models for neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Brain disorders, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, present significant research challenges due to brain complexity and limitations of traditional models.
  • Existing model systems often fail to fully replicate the intricate nature of human brain diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the premise and validity of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for in vitro modeling of brain disorders.
  • To highlight key findings from iPSC-based studies on common neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming patient somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Differentiating iPSCs into disease-relevant neural and glial cells for in vitro studies.
  • Utilizing patient-derived iPSCs with known clinical, genetic, and drug-response data.

Main Results:

  • iPSCs provide a powerful tool for modeling the complexities of brain disorders.
  • Patient-specific iPSCs allow for the study of individual disease variations.
  • iPSC-based models have yielded significant insights into neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cell technology is a valid and valuable tool for advancing our understanding of brain disorders.
  • iPSC-derived in vitro models offer a promising avenue for discovering new therapeutic strategies for challenging neurological and psychiatric conditions.