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Related Concept Videos

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice
08:34

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

11.4K

Atrial Myopathy.

Mark J Shen1,2, Rishi Arora1, José Jalife3,4

  • 1Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

JACC. Basic to Translational Science
|November 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial myopathy, a condition affecting the atria, contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Understanding this link helps identify at-risk patients and refine anticoagulation strategies for stroke prevention.

Keywords:
4D, 4 dimensionalAF, atrial fibrillationAPD, action potential durationCMR, cardiac magnetic resonanceCRP, C-reactive proteinCa2+, calciumCx, connexinGDF, growth differentiation factorIL, interleukinK+, potassiumLA, left atrialLAA, left atrial appendageNADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateNOX2, catalytic, membrane-bound subunit of NADPH oxidaseNT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptideOAC, oral anticoagulantROS, reactive oxygen speciesTGF, transforming growth factorTNF, tumor necrosis factoratrial fibrillationatrial myopathyelectrophysiologythrombosis

More Related Videos

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atrial myopathy is an evolving concept explaining atrial dysfunction.
  • It is intricately linked with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke.
  • Investigating factors beyond paroxysmal AF is crucial for understanding AF-related strokes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the development and effects of atrial myopathy.
  • To review the relationship between atrial myopathy, AF, and stroke.
  • To propose clinical applications for identifying atrial myopathy and guiding anticoagulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal models and human studies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking atrial myopathy, AF, and stroke (aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, stretch).
  • Examination of pathological changes: fibrosis, electrical and autonomic remodeling, pro-thrombotic state.

Main Results:

  • A complex interplay exists between atrial myopathy, AF, and stroke.
  • Mechanisms like aging and inflammation drive fibrosis and remodeling, creating a pro-thrombotic state.
  • This forms a vicious cycle of worsening atrial myopathy and increased stroke risk.

Conclusions:

  • Atrial myopathy plays a significant role in stroke risk, independent of AF episodes.
  • Identifying patients with atrial myopathy is key.
  • The concept of atrial myopathy can guide more selective anticoagulation in AF patients.