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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
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Stroke in the Young: a Global Update.

Mausaminben Y Hathidara1, Vasu Saini1, Amer M Malik2

  • 1Vascular Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1366, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|November 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke in young adults is rising, often linked to cardio-embolism or vasculopathy, not typical risk factors. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective treatment and preventing socioeconomic impact.

Keywords:
Cryptogenic strokeGlobal strokeHemorrhagic strokeIschemic strokeStroke disparityStroke in young

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke incidence in younger populations is increasing.
  • This demographic often lacks conventional vascular risk factors.
  • Stroke in the young poses significant socioeconomic threats, particularly in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the epidemiology of stroke in younger individuals.
  • To assess racial and gender disparities in young stroke cases.
  • To determine the etiology and treatment strategies for stroke in the young.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stroke in younger populations.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, risk factors, and etiological classifications.
  • Synthesis of information on treatment approaches and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Increased prevalence of cardio-embolism (e.g., patent foramen ovale) and non-atherosclerotic vasculopathies (e.g., dissection, thrombophilia) in young adults.
  • Identification of ethnic disparities in stroke occurrence among certain populations.
  • Growing stroke prevalence attributed to various factors, highlighting the need for considering uncommon causes.

Conclusions:

  • Young stroke patients without traditional risk factors require consideration of less common etiologies.
  • There is a critical need for evidence-based guidelines for managing uncommon stroke causes in this age group.
  • Further research is essential to address the knowledge gaps in young stroke management.