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Stroke in the Young: a Global Update
Mausaminben Y Hathidara1, Vasu Saini1, Amer M Malik2
1Vascular Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1366, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Insights
Stroke in young adults is rising, often linked to cardio-embolism or vasculopathy, not typical risk factors. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective treatment and preventing socioeconomic impact.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Stroke incidence in younger populations is increasing.
- This demographic often lacks conventional vascular risk factors.
- Stroke in the young poses significant socioeconomic threats, particularly in developing nations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the epidemiology of stroke in younger individuals.
- To assess racial and gender disparities in young stroke cases.
- To determine the etiology and treatment strategies for stroke in the young.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on stroke in younger populations.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, risk factors, and etiological classifications.
- Synthesis of information on treatment approaches and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Increased prevalence of cardio-embolism (e.g., patent foramen ovale) and non-atherosclerotic vasculopathies (e.g., dissection, thrombophilia) in young adults.
- Identification of ethnic disparities in stroke occurrence among certain populations.
- Growing stroke prevalence attributed to various factors, highlighting the need for considering uncommon causes.
Conclusions:
- Young stroke patients without traditional risk factors require consideration of less common etiologies.
- There is a critical need for evidence-based guidelines for managing uncommon stroke causes in this age group.
- Further research is essential to address the knowledge gaps in young stroke management.
Purpose Of Review:
We aim to evaluate the epidemiology, racial and gender disparity, etiology, and treatment of stroke in the younger population.
Recent Findings:
The younger age group without vascular risk factors exhibits an increased prevalence of cardio-embolism in context of patent foramen ovale/atrial septal aneurysm strokes, from other determined etiology of non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy including dissection, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, and other unusual causes of stroke. Ethnic disparities also exist in certain populations. The prevalence of stroke in the young is increasing due to several factors. Since stroke is often disabling, this trend poses an enormous threat to socioeconomic stability especially in developing countries. In young patients with an absence of conventional vascular risk factors and negative preliminary stroke work-up, clinicians must consider less common causes of stroke in this population. There is prime opportunity for future investigations as there is currently a lack of evidence-based management guidelines for these uncommon etiologies based on research completed to date.
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