[Neuroenhancement in four occupations in Germany]

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pharmacological neuroenhancement in 4 occupations and to investigate its association with psychosocial working conditions and mental health.

In the study on "Neuroenhancement Behaviour in the Context of Stressful Workload - empirical Studies on Employees", 4166 employed physicians, advertising experts, publishers and software developers were surveyed with computer-assisted personal interviews. Lifetime, 12 months and 4 weeks prevalence rates with corresponding confidence intervals were calculated. The association of neuroenhancement with psychosocial working conditions and mental health were estimated in Poisson regression models.

The lifetime prevalence of pharmacological neuroenhancement was 8.4%, the 12 months prevalence 2.9% and the 4 weeks prevalence 1.3%. Advertising experts and female software developers showed elevated prevalence rates for neuroenhancement. Psychosocial working conditions, such as support from colleagues, role clarity, emotional demands and job insecurity were associated with neuroenhancement in men. Burnout and depressive symptoms were related to an increase in neuroenhancement.

Compared to samples from the general population or the overall working population, the estimated prevalence rates among the investigated occupations were slightly elevated. Burnout and depressive symptoms might operate as potential risk factors or consequences of pharmacological neuroenhancement.