Multicomponent compact Abelian-Higgs lattice models

We investigate the phase diagram and critical behavior of three-dimensional multicomponent Abelian-Higgs models, in which an N-component complex field z_{x}^{a} of unit length and charge is coupled to compact quantum electrodynamics in the usual Wilson lattice formulation. We determine the phase diagram and study the nature of the transition line for N=2 and N=4. Two phases are identified, specified by the behavior of the gauge-invariant local composite operator Q_{x}^{ab}=z[over ¯]_{x}^{a}z_{x}^{b}-δ^{ab}/N, which plays the role of order parameter. In one phase, we have 〈Q_{x}^{ab}〉=0, while in the other Q_{x}^{ab} condenses. Gauge correlations are never critical: gauge excitations are massive for any finite coupling. The two phases are separated by a transition line. Our numerical data are consistent with the simple scenario in which the nature of the transition is independent of the gauge coupling. Therefore, for any finite positive value of the gauge coupling, we predict a continuous transition in the Heisenberg universality class for N=2 and a first-order transition for N=4. However, notable crossover phenomena emerge for large gauge couplings, when gauge fluctuations are suppressed. Such crossover phenomena are related to the unstable O(2N) fixed point, describing the behavior of the model in the infinite gauge-coupling limit.