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This study reveals how shifting periodic tracks on a two-particle quantum Brownian motor generates directed motion. The research provides an exact expression for velocity and explores work extraction from thermal machines without cyclic protocols.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Investigating autonomous thermal machines is crucial for understanding energy conversion at the nanoscale.
  • Quantum Brownian motion describes particle dynamics influenced by quantum effects and thermal environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the dynamic properties of a two-particle quantum Brownian motor.
  • To derive an exact expression for the system's center-of-mass velocity under specific conditions.
  • To explore the emergence of directed motion and work extraction in thermal machines.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling a system of two quantum Brownian particles on shifted periodic sinusoidal tracks.
  • Deriving an exact expression for center-of-mass velocity in the limit of small track undulations.
  • Analyzing the system's response to external deterministic forces and its steady-state velocity.

Main Results:

  • A nonvanishing center-of-mass velocity emerges when periodic tracks are shifted, driven by broken spatial symmetry.
  • An exact expression for this velocity is derived for small track undulations.
  • Work can be extracted from the steady-state thermal machine when an opposing external force is applied, without needing a cyclic protocol.

Conclusions:

  • Broken spatial symmetry is key to directed motion in these thermal machines.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding work extraction from autonomous quantum thermal machines.
  • The derived motor velocity can validate quantum molecular dynamics algorithms in nonlinear, nonequilibrium regimes.