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Collective performance of a finite-time quantum Otto cycle.

Michal Kloc1,2, Pavel Cejnar1, Gernot Schaller3

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This study explores finite-time quantum Otto cycles using collective spin systems. Super-radiant equilibration in independent qubits boosts engine power, while qubit interactions can negatively impact performance due to quantum phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Quantum Otto cycle is a fundamental thermodynamic cycle.
  • Finite-time effects are crucial for realistic quantum engine performance.
  • Collective spin systems offer unique properties as working fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate finite-time effects in a quantum Otto cycle.
  • Analyze the role of collective spin systems as working fluids.
  • Understand the impact of thermalization and qubit interactions on engine performance.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the working fluid with one-qubit and collective spin systems.
  • Analyzing the transition to a limit cycle under finite-time thermalization.
  • Utilizing the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonian to model qubit interactions.
  • Observing super-radiant equilibration in large qubit samples.

Main Results:

  • Super-radiant equilibration in independent qubits enhances engine power.
  • Quantum phase transitions in interacting qubits can significantly degrade performance.
  • Work output analysis can differentiate operational regimes with and without phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Collective spin systems offer a pathway to boost quantum engine power via super-radiant equilibration.
  • Quantum phase transitions present a critical challenge for finite-time quantum heat engines.
  • The study provides insights into optimizing quantum engine design by managing qubit interactions and phase transitions.