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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

626
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.6K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

397
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
397
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

261
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
261
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

2.2K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
2.2K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

624
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
624

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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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[Heart Failure in Africa].

Martin Rohacek1,2,3,4, Thilo Burkard4,5,6

  • 1St. Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara, United Republic of Tanzania.

Praxis
|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure mortality in Africa is alarmingly high, driven by widespread, uncontrolled arterial hypertension and advanced disease at diagnosis. Improved awareness, diagnostics, and treatment are crucial for managing this escalating public health crisis.

Keywords:
AfricaAfrikaAfriqueHeart failureHerzinsuffizienzHypertonieInsuffisance cardiaquehypertensionhypertension artérielle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Heart failure mortality in Africa is disproportionately high compared to global averages.
  • Arterial hypertension is the primary driver of heart failure in the region, followed by cardiomyopathies and rheumatic heart diseases.
  • Patients often present with advanced disease due to poor awareness and management of hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical burden of heart failure in Africa.
  • To identify the leading causes and contributing factors to heart failure.
  • To underscore the need for improved strategies in managing arterial hypertension and heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality data comparing Africa to other income-level countries.
  • Identification of prevalent causes of heart failure in the African context.
  • Assessment of awareness, treatment, and control rates of arterial hypertension.

Main Results:

  • African heart failure mortality rates are double those in other LMICs and five times higher than in HICs.
  • Arterial hypertension is the most common cause, yet awareness and control remain very low.
  • A significant gap exists in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for community-level information and healthcare staff training.
  • Implementation of enhanced diagnostic and treatment protocols for hypertension and heart failure is essential.
  • Addressing the neglect of chronic non-communicable diseases is vital to improve outcomes.