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Updated: Jan 3, 2026
Author Spotlight: Advancing CBCT and Digital Dental Image Integration with AI-Assisted Digitization
Published on: February 23, 2024
Reliability and validity of miniscrews as references in cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanner digital
1Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
Background:
Miniscrews have been used to superimpose three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial images as well as explore stable structures in jaws. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements made with miniscrews on a 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and compared to models created by an intraoral scanner (IOS).
Methods:
Altogether, 64 miniscrews were placed in 12 goat jaws. The jaws were scanned by CBCT machine at 0.12 mm and 0.3 mm voxels and by the IOS. Linear and angular measurements between miniscrews on CBCT at the two voxel settings and the IOS were compared with actual measurements and with each other.
Results:
An intra-and inter-class correlation of 0.961-1.000 were obtained by each method. Linear measurements showed significant overestimations of 0.27 ± 0.24, 0.14 ± 0.22 and 0.15 ± 0.26 mm, and angular measurements showed non-significant differences of 0.11 ± 1.97°, 0.15 ± 2.79° and 0.41 ± 2.34° for the CBCT at 0.12-mm, 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS, respectively. Equal magnification of linear measurements was on homolateral and contralateral sides using CBCT, whereas significantly greater magnification on the homolateral side than on the opposite was observed using the IOS. There was no significant difference with angular measurements between digital CBCT models at two voxels and IOS. In addition, all angular measurements were comparable to actual measurement results.
Conclusions:
Miniscrews in CBCT and IOS are reliable and clinical valid when used as a reference measuring tooth movement. However, when miniscrews are involved in high precision measurement in CBCT or IOS image, systematic error should be taken into consideration. When comparing CBCT images, using the same voxel size is recommended for miniscrew related measurements to reduce error.
