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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

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The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
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Drug-Receptor Interactions01:29

Drug-Receptor Interactions

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Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
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Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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Related Experiment Video

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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Adverse drug reactions.

Eva Montané1, Javier Santesmases2

  • 1Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Farmacología, Terapéutica y Toxicología, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.

Medicina Clinica
|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful responses to medications, causing illness and death. Pharmacovigilance systems help detect and prevent these drug risks, improving patient safety.

Keywords:
Adverse drug reactionDrug safetyEfecto adversoFarmacovigilanciaPharmacovigilanceReacción adversa a medicamentoSeguridad del medicamentoSide effect

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintended, harmful responses to medications.
  • ADRs contribute significantly to patient morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare expenses.
  • Pharmacovigilance systems are crucial for identifying and mitigating drug-related risks, particularly for new medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of pharmacovigilance in managing drug safety.
  • To discuss the methods and limitations of ADR detection.
  • To outline the future directions in ADR monitoring and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Spontaneous ADR notification systems are the primary, cost-effective method for identifying potential drug safety issues.
  • Analysis of global ADR registers to detect safety signals.
  • Review of drug withdrawal data, with a focus on hepatotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • ADRs represent a significant public health concern, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • Spontaneous reporting, while widely used, is limited by under-reporting.
  • Hepatotoxicity is a key reason for drug market withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacovigilance is essential for ensuring drug safety and preventing harm.
  • Improving ADR reporting mechanisms and addressing under-reporting are critical.
  • Future pharmacovigilance will involve greater collaboration and technological integration.