Caesarean section, but not induction of labour, is associated with major changes in cord blood metabolome

The physiology of how prelabour caesarean section (PCS) and induction of labour (IOL) in comparison to spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) has not been fully clarified yet. We measured 201 cord blood (CB) phospholipids and energy metabolites via LC/MS-MS in 109 newborns from the ROLO Kids study; metabolites were compared across the three parturition groups via linear mixed models with correction for multiple testing. In comparison to SVD, PCS babies had lower non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), including sum of NEFA (p < 0.001), and trends for lower acylcarnitines. The lack of hormonal stimuli, especially catecholamines and cortisol, may underlie the metabolic changes involving gluconeogenesis from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in PCS born infants. IOL and SVD infants showed no significant differences in metabolites, but ratios estimating carnitine palmitoyltrasferase 1 activity (precursor for FAO) were slightly higher in IOL than in SVD. Thus, IOL does not induce metabolic disadvantage when compared to SVD, though post-natal gluconeogenesis might start earlier due to the artificial solicitation in IOL. These data shed light on the physiology of parturition and may contribute to understand how mode of delivery might modulate future metabolic risks.