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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

954

Development of Comprehensive Satisfaction Index (ComSI) and Its Association with WHOQOL-BREF.

Bhupendra Singh1, Nisha Mani Pandey1, Betsy Mehrotra1

  • 1Department of Geriatric Mental Health (DGMH), King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Life satisfaction significantly impacts aging individuals' health. The Comprehensive Satisfaction Index (ComSI) tool positively correlates with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), aiding in assessing satisfaction levels for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
AgingSatisfaction is the ultimate achievement which develops contentment and makes a person happy. However, it is an imperceptible and intangible concept having many levels i.e. from physical infrastructure to recreational and spiritual facets. In view of the importance of the subject the author thought to develop an index for measuring the level of satisfaction within the lives of elderly; keeping in mind the cultural intricacies and social roles along with contextual existing notions of ageing in India.World Health Organization Quality of Life Briefassociationcomprehensive satisfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychometrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Comprehensive life satisfaction is crucial for health, especially in aging populations (45+).
  • A validated assessment tool is needed to measure life satisfaction.
  • A 26-item tool, the Comprehensive Satisfaction Index (ComSI), was developed in Hindi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the psychometric properties of the ComSI using Varimax rotation.
  • To determine the association between ComSI and the WHOQOL-BREF.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis with Varimax rotation was applied to 260 subjects' data.
  • Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's test of sphericity were computed.
  • Correlation analysis was performed between ComSI components and WHOQOL-BREF domains.

Main Results:

  • Item 17 was excluded; three components were extracted with eigenvalues >1.
  • Component 1 had 19 items, Component 2 had 4, and Component 3 had 2 items.
  • Significant positive correlations were found between ComSI components and most WHOQOL-BREF domains.

Conclusions:

  • The ComSI demonstrates a positive association with the WHOQOL-BREF.
  • The ComSI is an effective tool for promptly assessing satisfaction in aging individuals.
  • Findings can inform the development of targeted health interventions for older adults.