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Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
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Role of Cardio-Specific Micro-Ribonucleic Acids and Correlation with Cardiac Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A

Raja S Mushtaque1, Sajid Hameed2, Rabia Mushtaque3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK.

Cureus
|November 28, 2019
PubMed

Insights

New cardio-specific micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) show promise as early biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), outperforming traditional markers like troponin in stability and speed of detection, especially in chronic kidney disease patients.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a critical manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • Current cardiac biomarkers like troponin T (CTnT), troponin I (CTnI), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) have diagnostic limitations, including delayed rise and altered levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are emerging as highly stable and reproducible biomarkers for cardiac ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cardio-specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers for acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) and ACS.
  • To explore the regulation of these miRNAs during cardiac ischemia.
  • To compare the kinetics of miRNA increase with traditional cardiac biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating cardio-specific miRNAs in acute cardiac ischemia.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in serum or plasma of patients with AMI.
  • Comparison of miRNA detection times with established cardiac biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-1, miR-133a/b, miR-208a/b, miR-499a) are significantly elevated in patients with acute cardiac ischemia.
  • These cardio-specific miRNAs demonstrate remarkable stability and reproducibility.
  • Their rapid increase in circulation offers potential for earlier ACS diagnosis compared to conventional biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Cardio-specific miRNAs represent a promising new class of biomarkers for the early detection of ACS.
  • Their stability and rapid kinetics may overcome limitations of current biomarkers, particularly in specific patient populations like those with CKD.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic value in ACS.

Keywords:
acsacute coronary syndromeacute myocardial ischemiacardiac biomarkersmicrornamirna

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